Stir Bar Sortive Extraction (SBSE): a novel methodology for static microextraction

Nogueira, José Manuel F.

Palavras-chave: Sample preparation, sorption-based methods, static microextraction, SBSE, PDMS, trace analysis.

Resumo:  In the last years, stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) became a well-established analytical technique for sample preparation, in which hundreds of applications in almost all scientific areas have been proposed in the literature. This remarkable analytical tool shows great capacity for static microextraction and outstanding performance to operate at the ultra-trace level, in particular for the analysis of complex systems. The present contribution aims to review the state-of-the-art of SBSE, as well as proposing the analytical potential of this novel approach, by explaining the main principles and providing technical know-how for the beginners.

---

Referências Bibliográficas

1. Raynie DE. Modern Extraction Techniques. Analytical Chemistry 2010; 82(12):4911-4916. PMid:20481433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac101223c

2. Baltussen E, Cramers CA, Sandra PJF. Sorptive sample preparation – a review. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2002; 373(1-2):3-22. PMid:12012168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-002-1266-2

3. Liska I. Fifty years of solid-phase extraction in water analysis – historical development and overview. Journal of Chromatography A 2000; 885(1-2):3-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)01144-9

4. Abdel-Rehim M. Recent advances in microextraction by packed sorbent for bioanalysis. Journal of Chromatography A 2010; 1217.(16):2569‑2580. PMid:19811788. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.053

5. Arthur CL, Pawlizyn J. Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers. Analytical Chemistry 1990; 62(19):2145-2148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00218a019

6. Baltussen E, Sandra P, David F, Cramers CA. Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), a novel extraction technique for aqueous samples Theory and principles. Journal of Microcolumn Separations 1999; 11(10):737-747. http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-667X(1999)11:10<737::AIDMCS7> 3..0.CO;2-4

7. David F, Sandra P. Stir bar sorptive extraction for trace analysis. Journal of Chromatography A 2007; 1152(1‑2):54-69. PMid:17239895. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.032

8. Sánchez-Rojas F, Bosch-Ojeda C, Cano-Pavón JM. A Review of Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction. Chromatographia 2008; 69(Suppl. 1):S79-94. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1365/s10337-008-0687-2

9. Lanças FM, Queiroz MEC, Grossi P, Olivares IRB. Recent developments and applications of stir bar sorptive extraction. Journal of Separation Science 2009; 32(5-6):813-824. PMid:19278005. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200800669

10. Nogueira JMF. Novel Sorption-Based Methodologies for Static Microextraction Analysis: A review on SBSE and related techniques. Analytica Chimica Acta 2012; 757.:1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.10.033

11. Prieto A, Basauri O, Rodil R, Usobiaga A, Fernández LA, Etxebarria N et al. Stir-bar sorptive extraction: A view on method optimisation, novel applications, limitations and potential solutions. Journal of Chromatography A 2010; 1217.(16):2642‑2666. PMid:20083248. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.051

12. Serôdio P, Nogueira JMF. Multi-residue screening of endocrine disrupters chemicals in water samples by stir bar sorptive extraction-liquid desorption-capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection. Analytica Chimica Acta 2004; 517(1-2):21-32. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2004.04.045

13. Popp P, Bauer C, Wennrich L. Application of stir bar sorptive extraction in combination with column liquid chromatography for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. Analytica Chimica Acta 2001; 436(1):1-9. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)00895-9

14. Rosário P, Nogueira JMF. Combining stir bar sorptive extraction and MEKC for the determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental and biological matrices. Electrophoresis 2006; 27.(23):4694‑4702. PMid:17136717. http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/elps.200600210

15. Serôdio P, Cabral MS, Nogueira JMF. Use of experimental design in the optimization of stir bar sorptive extraction for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in environmental matrices. Journal of Chromatography A 2007; 1141.(2):259-270. PMid:17196215. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.011

16. European Commission. Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. Official Journal of the European Communities 1998; L330:32.

17. Woolfenden E. Sorbent-based sampling methods for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in air: Part 1: Sorbent-based air monitoring options. Journal of Chromatography A 2010; 1217.(16):2674‑2684. PMid:20106481. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.042

18. Serôdio P, Nogueira JMF. Development of a stir-barsorptive extraction-liquid desorption-large-volume injection capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for pyrethroid pesticides in water samples. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2005; 382(4):1141-1151. PMid:15937663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-3210-8

19. Peñalver A, García V, Pocurull E, Borrull F, Marce RM. Stir bar sorptive extraction and large volume injection gas chromatography to determine a group of endocrine disrupters in water samples. Journal of Chromatography A 2003; 1007(1-2):1-9. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00933-6

20. Lacorte S, Quintana J, Tauler R, Ventura F, Tovar- Sánchez A, Duarte,CM. Ultra-trace determination of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Arctic ice using stir bar sorptive extraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 2009; 1216(49):8581-8589. PMid:19879587. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.029

21. Alves RF, Nascimento AMD, Nogueira JMF. Characterization of the aroma profile of Madeira wine by sorptive extraction techniques. Analytica Chimica Acta 2005; 546(1):11-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. aca.2005.05.012

22. Weldegergis BT, Tredoux AGJ, Crouch AM. Application of a Headspace Sorptive Extraction Method for the Analysis of Volatile Components in South African Wines. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2007; 55(21):8696-8702. PMid:17927151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf071554p

23. Barletta JY, Lima Gomes PCF, Santos-Neto AJ, Lanças FM. Development of a new stir bar sorptive extraction coating and its application for the determination of six pesticides in sugarcane juice. Journal of Separation Science 2011; 34(11):1317-1325. PMid:21548086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201100096

24. Pereira MB, Serôdio P, Castro MJG, Nogueira JMF. Determination of organochlorine pesticides in vegetable matrices by stir bar sorptive extraction with liquid desorption and large volume injection-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry towards compliance with European Union directives. Journal of Chromatography A 2010; 1217.(1):119‑126. PMid:19931087. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.076

25. Madrera RR, Valles BS. Determination of Volatile Compounds in Apple Pomace by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (SBSE-GC-MS). Journal of Food Science 2011; 76(9):C1326-C1334. PMid:22416695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02406.x

26. Soini HA, Bruce KE, Wiesler D, David F, Sandra P, Novotny M. Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction: A New Quantitative and Comprehensive Sampling Technique for Determination of Chemical Signal Profiles from Biological Media. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2005; 31(2):377-392. PMid:15856790. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-1347-8

27. Chaves AR, Queiroz MEC. Extração sortiva em barra de agitação para análise de fármacos em fluidos biológicos. Quimica Nova 2008; 31(7):1814-1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422008000700037

28. Neng NR, Cordeiro CAA, Freire AP, Nogueira JMF. Determination of glyoxal and methylglyoxal in environmental and biological matrices by stir bar sorptive extraction with in-situ derivatization. Journal of Chromatography A 2007; 1169.(1-2):47‑52. PMid:17888934. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.08.060

29. Neng NR, Pinto ML, Pires J, Marcos PM, Nogueira JMF. Development, optimisation and application of polyurethane foams as new polymeric phases for stir bar sorptive extraction. Journal of Chromatography A 2007; 1171(1-2):8-14. PMid:17927992. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.033

30. Lucena R. Extraction and stirring integrated techniques: examples and recent advances. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2012; 403(3):2213-2223. PMid:22354573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216- 012.-5826-9

31. Neng NR, Silva ARM, Nogueira JMF. Adsorptive micro-extraction techniques – Novel analytical tools for trace levels of polar solutes in aqueous media. Journal of Chromatography A 2010; 1217.(47):7303‑7310. PMid:20950811. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.048.