http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/sc.2015.006

 

Turbulent flow chromatography (TFC)C)

Lanças, Fernando M.

Palavras-chave: turbulent flow, liquid chromatography, HPLC, multidimensional.

Resumo: Chromatography is a separation technique based on the partition of the analytes into two phases: one phase remains still during the process (stationary phase) while the other phase percolate through it transporting the compounds under analyzes. Depending upon the physical state of the mobile phase the technique has presented the following classification: gas chromatography (GC); liquid chromatography (LC); and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). In fact, this classical procedure has been recently modified to include several sub-divisions. In the case of liquid chromatography, as an example, the sub-divisions includes terms such as ultra high pressure liquid chromatography (U-HPLC); enhanced-fluidity liquid chromatography (EFLC); transition phase chromatography; turbulent flow chromatography (TFC), among others. In the late case, TFC, the technique is based upon the utilization of high flow rates (typically 4-6mL/min) and columns packed with particles considered large (30-60 μm) for the present LC standards. Under these conditions, the mobile phase does not exhibit a laminar flow as in standard LC but instead a turbulent flow that leads to the formation of eddies thus promoting cross-channel mass transfer and the diffusion of the analytes into the stationary phase particle pores. These conditions have shown to be efficient for sample preparation, particularly in the bioanalysis arena. TFC has been successfully employed in a bi-dimensional set-up in which the first columns operating under turbulent flow conditions is employed for sample preparation and the second (analytical column) receives the treated sample coming from the first column through a switching valve. In the present work a description of the main characteristics of the turbulent flow chromatography (TFC) is presented, followed by the presentation of the typical instrumentation utilized and a list of the papers published in the last 10 years employing this technique.


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