http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/sc.2017.008
Solventes supramoleculares: Uma alternativa na microextração em fase líquida para análises cromatográficas
Medina, Deyber Arley Vargas; Cabal, Luis Felipe Rodríguez; Sartore, Douglas Morisue; Lima, Adriel Martins; Santos-Neto, Álvaro José dos
Palavras-chave: Solventes supramoleculares, Microextração líquido-líquido, SDME, HF-LPME, Cromatografia líquida.
Resumo: A crescente pressão para diminuir o uso de solventes orgânicos em laboratórios está promovendo a busca de solventes alternativos. A separação de fases contendo tensoativos, induzida pelas condições ambientais como temperatura e pH, tem sido amplamente utilizada em sistemas de extração analítica e pré-concentração de diversos compostos. A fase rica em surfactante é um líquido nano-estruturado, recentemente designado por solvente supramolecular (SUPRAS), um meio líquido formado por uma fase contínua e uma fase dispersa geradas à partir da associação espontânea de diferentes moléculas num sistema auto-organizado. Os SUPRAS apresentam propriedades macroscópicas específicas que surgem do alto nível de organização nas escalas nano e molecular. Uma das principais vantagens dos SUPRAS consiste em sua natureza anfifílica. Assim, a presença de diferentes graus de polaridade nas diferentes regiões dos agregados supramoleculares proporciona excelentes propriedades de solvatação para uma ampla variedade de compostos orgânicos e inorgânicos. Essa revisão abrange os progressos nos aspectos teóricos e práticos relacionados ao uso de solventes supramoleculares em extrações analíticas. Especial atenção destina-se ao uso de SUPRAS para microextrações, como SDME, LLME, HF-LPME e DLLME, em substituição aos solventes orgânicos usados tradicionalmente. Em suma, essa revisão tem como objetivo a discussão sobre a produção e aplicação de SUPRAS para microextrações de diversos analítos em uma grande diversidade de amostras.
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